Cracked Heels: Symptoms, Causes And Solutions
The cracked heels, rough to the touch, is one of the problems most commonly affecting the feet. This generally is due to one of the parts most subject to friction body and, therefore, more vulnerable to cuts or abrasions. Also it affects the dry skin formation and callus areas.
One should not underestimate the appearance of cracks in the skin of the feet, otherwise untreated, can cause burning and itching, appearance of a few drops of blood or complicated by an infection.
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Cracked Heels Symptoms
Cracked heels, or heel fissures, are a common foot problem that can range from mild cosmetic concerns to more severe medical issues. Recognizing the symptoms early can help prevent complications. Here are the detailed symptoms associated with cracked heels:
Dry and Thickened Skin
The skin around the heels becomes visibly dry, flaky, and rough to the touch. Thickened patches of skin, called calluses, often form at the edge of the heels, particularly where the pressure is highest.
Visible Cracks or Fissures
The most noticeable symptom is the appearance of cracks in the heel skin. These fissures may start as shallow lines but can deepen over time, reaching into the dermis layer of the skin.
Yellow or Brown Discoloration
The skin around the heel may develop a yellowish or brownish tint due to the accumulation of dead skin cells or dirt trapped in the cracks.
Pain or Discomfort
Walking or standing may cause discomfort, especially if the cracks are deep or if pressure is applied directly to the fissures. Pain can be sharp and localized, particularly during movement.
Bleeding or Open Wounds
Severe cracks may lead to bleeding or the formation of open wounds, which increase the risk of infection. This occurs when the cracks extend deeper into the skin and rupture the underlying tissue.
Swelling or Redness
Infected cracks may result in swelling, redness, or warmth around the heel area. This is often accompanied by tenderness or throbbing pain.
Itching or Burning Sensation
The dry, flaky skin around the heels can cause itching or a mild burning sensation. This symptom is common in early stages before cracks form.
Difficulty Walking or Standing
Deep cracks or associated pain may make it difficult to walk or stand for extended periods. The discomfort can also cause changes in gait, potentially leading to other foot or joint issues.
Foul Odor or Pus (in Severe Cases)
Infections in the heel fissures can produce pus and a noticeable odor. These symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention.
Stiff or Hardened Skin
The skin around the heel may feel stiff or less elastic, making it more prone to splitting under pressure.
Cracked Heels Causes
Cracked heels are generally benign, but if neglected, they can cause pain, discomfort, and even infections. Below are the detailed causes of cracked heels:
Medical Conditions
Certain health issues contribute to cracked heels, including:
- Diabetes: Reduced blood flow and neuropathy can impair skin healing and exacerbate dryness.
- Psoriasis or Eczema: Skin conditions that cause dryness, flaking, and cracking.
- Hypothyroidism: Low thyroid hormone levels reduce sweat and oil production, leading to dry, thickened skin.
- Heel Spurs: These bony growths on the heel can increase pressure on the skin, making cracks more likely.
Dry Skin (Xerosis)
The skin on the heels naturally has fewer oil glands, making it prone to dryness. Environmental factors such as cold weather, low humidity, or prolonged exposure to water (e.g., frequent swimming or bathing) strip the skin of moisture, leading to dryness and cracking.
Prolonged Standing or Walking
Standing or walking for extended periods, especially on hard surfaces, puts excessive pressure on the heels. This pressure causes the skin to expand sideways, leading to cracking if the skin is dry or less elastic.
Improper Footwear
Wearing open-backed shoes, sandals, or flip-flops allows the heel to expand and increases the risk of cracks. Tight or ill-fitting shoes that don’t provide proper heel support can exacerbate the problem.
Obesity or Excess Weight
Excessive body weight increases pressure on the heels, causing the skin to expand and crack. This is particularly problematic if the skin lacks adequate moisture or elasticity.
Poor Foot Hygiene
Failing to moisturize regularly or exfoliate the thickened skin on the heels leads to the buildup of hard, dry skin that is prone to cracking. Neglecting proper cleaning or allowing dirt to accumulate can worsen fissures.
Aging
As we age, skin loses its elasticity and natural oils, becoming thinner and more prone to dryness and cracking.
Nutritional Deficiencies
A lack of essential nutrients such as vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids can impair skin health, making it more susceptible to cracks.
Weather Conditions
Extreme weather, particularly cold, dry winters or hot, arid climates, can dehydrate the skin and lead to cracked heels.
Treating Cracked Heels
Cracked heels can often be treated at home with proper care and attention. Here are some effective tips to help heal cracked heels and prevent them from returning:
Moisturize Regularly
- Use thick creams or ointments: Apply a rich moisturizer or heel balm that contains ingredients like urea, shea butter, glycerin, or lactic acid. These help soften thickened skin and promote healing.
- Hydrate overnight: For deep moisturization, apply a thick layer of cream before bedtime and wear cotton socks to lock in moisture overnight.
Exfoliate the Skin
Use a pumice stone, foot file, or a specialized exfoliating scrub to gently remove dry, thickened skin around the heels.
Be gentle to avoid further damage. Exfoliate once or twice a week to prevent buildup without irritating the skin.
Soak Your Feet
Soaking your feet for 10–15 minutes can help soften the skin and make exfoliation easier. You can also add Epsom salts or essential oils like lavender for added relaxation and skin benefits.
After soaking, make sure to dry your feet completely, especially between the toes, to prevent fungal infections.
Wear Proper Footwear
Avoid open-backed shoes or sandals that leave the heel exposed. Opt for well-fitting shoes with good arch support to reduce pressure on the heels.
High heels can worsen cracked heels by putting excess pressure on the heels. Cushioned insoles or gel heel cups can provide added support and help distribute pressure evenly.
Keep Your Feet Hydrated
Hydration starts from within, so drinking enough water daily can help keep your skin healthy and prevent it from becoming dry.
In dry climates, using a humidifier in your home can help prevent your skin from losing moisture, especially during the winter months.
Avoid Walking Barefoot
Walking barefoot, especially on hard surfaces, can increase the risk of cracked heels. Wear socks or slippers to protect your feet from pressure and the elements.
Apply Natural Remedies
- Coconut oil: This natural oil has moisturizing and antimicrobial properties. Apply it to your heels for softening and healing.
- Honey: Honey is a natural humectant that helps retain moisture. It also has antibacterial properties that can aid in healing minor wounds. Apply it to the cracked area and leave it on for 20 minutes before rinsing off.
- Aloe vera: Known for its soothing properties, aloe vera gel can help reduce inflammation and hydrate dry skin.
Consider Over-the-Counter Products
- Foot creams with urea or salicylic acid: These ingredients help soften and exfoliate the skin, promoting faster healing.
- Medicated pads: Some products contain salicylic acid, which helps treat calluses and dry skin on the heels.